> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://ondrej-kvasnovsky-2.gitbook.io/handbook-of-hidden-data-scientist/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://ondrej-kvasnovsky-2.gitbook.io/handbook-of-hidden-data-scientist/reading_and_writing/other.md).

# Other...

Generally, Google will help you to find whatever package you are looking for. This chapter is just a motivation to show what is possible with R.

## Files

* `file` - opens a connections to a file
* `url` - opens connection to server
* `gzfile` - opens connection to `.gz` archive
* `bzfile` - opens connection to `.bz2` archive

If you need more, ask R for help by running `?connections` command.

## Reading images

* [jpeg](http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/jpeg/index.html) provides an easy and simple way to read, write and display bitmap images stored in the JPEG format.
* [readbitmap](http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/readbitmap/index.html) identifies and reads Windows BMP, JPEG and PNG format bitmap images.
* [png](http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/png/index.html) provides an easy and simple way to read, write and display bitmap images stored in the PNG format.
* [EBImage](http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/EBImage.html) provides general purpose functionality for the reading, writing, processing and analysis of images. Furthermore, in the context of microscopy based cellular assays, EBImage offers tools to transform the images, segment cells and extract quantitative cellular descriptors.

## Reading GIS data

* [rgdal](http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rgdal/index.html) provides bindings to Frank Warmerdam's Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL) and access to projection/transformation operations from the PROJ.4 library.
* [rgeos](http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rgeos/index.html) is interface to Geometry Engine - Open Source (GEOS) using the C API for topology operations on geometries.
* [raster](http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/raster/index.html) provides reading, writing, manipulating, analyzing and modeling of gridded spatial data.

## Reading music

* [tuneR](http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/tuneR/index.html) provides collection of tools to analyze music, extract features like MFCCs, handling wave files, read mp3, transcription and so on. Also contains functions ported from the rastamat Matlab package.
* [seewave](http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/seewave/index.html) provides functions for analysing, manipulating, displaying, editing and synthesizing time waves and many other features.

## Other databases

* [RODBC](http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RODBC/index.html) provides access to many databases
* [RPostgreSQL](http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RPostgreSQL/index.html) provides full access to PostresSQL
* [RMongo](http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RMongo/index.html) provides interface to MongoDb

## Other data formats

[Foregin package](http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/foreign/index.html) provides functions for reading and writing data stored by some versions of Epi Info, Minitab, S, SAS, SPSS, Stata, Systat and Weka and for reading and writing some dBase files.