> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://ondrej-kvasnovsky-2.gitbook.io/java-handbook/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://ondrej-kvasnovsky-2.gitbook.io/java-handbook/java-9/other-improvements.md).

# Other Improvements

## Base64

We no longer have to use `sun.misc.BASE64Encoder` or `org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64`. No we can use [java.util.Base64](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/util/Base64.html) class. This is because the [internal APIs](https://www.javaworld.com/article/2952869/java-platform/understanding-sun-misc-unsafe.html) were encapsulated and are no longer available.

```
byte[] toEncode = "dummy string".getBytes();

byte[] encoded = Base64.getEncoder().encode(toEncode);
String encodedString = new String(encoded);

Assert.assertEquals("ZHVtbXkgc3RyaW5n", encodedString);
```

## Unsafe

Unsafe is meant to be used only by internal core Java classes.