Roman to Integer

Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I,V,X,L,C,DandM.

Symbol       Value
I             1
V             5
X             10
L             50
C             100
D             500
M             1000

For example, two is written asII in Roman numeral, just two one's added together. Twelve is written as,XII, which is simplyX+II. The number twenty seven is written asXXVII, which isXX+V+II.

Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is notIIII. Instead, the number four is written asIV. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written asIX. There are six instances where subtraction is used:

• Ican be placed beforeV(5) andX(10) to make 4 and 9.

• Xcan be placed beforeL(50) andC(100) to make 40 and 90.

• Ccan be placed beforeD(500) andM(1000) to make 400 and 900.

Given a roman numeral, convert it to an integer. Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.

Here is a solution.

class Solution {
    private Map<Character, Integer> mapping = new HashMap<>();

    {
        mapping.put('I', 1);
        mapping.put('V', 5);
        mapping.put('X', 10);
        mapping.put('L', 50);
        mapping.put('C', 100);
        mapping.put('D', 500);
        mapping.put('M', 1000);
    }

    public int romanToInt(String s) {
        int result = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
            char current = s.charAt(i);
            Integer currentValue = mapping.get(current);

            if (i < s.length() - 1) {
                char next = s.charAt(i + 1);
                Integer nextValue = mapping.get(next);
                if (nextValue > currentValue) {
                    currentValue = -currentValue;
                }
            }
            result += currentValue;
        }

        return result;
    }
}